硕士毕业论文的每一章后面通常有一个小结。这个小结很重要。它把一章里讲的东西简单说一遍。学生写论文的时候需要写这个部分。老师看论文的时候也会看这个部分。

小结就是短短的一段话。它把这一章的主要意思说出来。这一章研究了什么问题。用了什么方法。得到了什么结果。这些都要提到。但是不用写得很细。不用把每个小点都重复一遍。只要把最重要的东西写出来就行。

写小结对学生有好处。学生自己先把这一章的内容想一遍。这一章开头说了什么。中间怎么讲的。最后得出什么结论。这样想一想。思路就更清楚了。写下来的时候。语言要干净。不要啰嗦。小结写得好。说明这一章的内容掌握得好。

看论文的人也能从小结里快速了解这一章。他们可能没有时间读完整章。看了小结就知道这一章大概讲了什么。如果他们对某个部分感兴趣。可以再翻到前面仔细看。小结就像是一个路标。告诉读者这一章的方向和目的地。

写小结要注意几个地方。不能太长。几句话就够了。不能抄前面的标题或者句子。要用自己的话总结。不能加入新的内容。小结里只能总结这一章已经写过的东西。不能提到后面章节的内容。小结要和前面的内容对上。不能前面说东。小结说西。

举个例子。假如有一章是讲实验的方法。这一章详细介绍了实验用的材料。实验的步骤。数据的记录方式。写小结的时候。就可以说本章说明了实验采用的方法。包括使用的仪器和材料。实验的具体操作过程。以及如何收集实验数据。这样总结就可以了。不用再把每个仪器名字和每个步骤都写一遍。

再举个例子。假如有一章是分析调查的结果。这一章有很多数字和图表。分析了数据说明了什么。发现了什么规律。写小结的时候。就可以说本章对调查数据进行了分析。发现了哪些主要现象。并对这些现象的可能原因进行了初步讨论。不用把每个数字和每个图表都解释一遍。

小结虽然短。但是要写得准确。不能写错这一章的内容。如果这一章主要是描述现象。小结就不能说本章证明了什么理论。如果这一章是文献综述。小结就不能说本章提出了新的方法。总结的内容必须和这一章的实际内容一致。

小结的语言要简单直接。不要用复杂的句子。不要用难懂的词。用平时说话常用的词。句子要短。意思要明白。小结是总结。不是炫耀文采的地方。把意思说清楚最重要。

有的学生觉得小结很容易写。随便写几句就行。这种想法不对。小结写不好。会影响整章的质量。老师看论文的时候。如果小结写得很乱。或者根本没总结到重点。老师会对这一章的印象不好。甚至怀疑学生是不是没读懂自己写的东西。

有的学生写小结的时候。直接把前面的小标题抄下来。拼成一段话。这样不好。小结应该是连贯的一段话。不是标题的罗列。要把这些标题之间的逻辑关系说出来。这一章先做了什么。后做了什么。最后做了什么。要让人看出一个顺序。

写小结是训练总结能力的好机会。以后工作中经常需要总结。写报告要总结。开会发言要总结。向领导汇报要总结。现在写论文小结。就是练习这种能力。认真写每一章的小结。对以后有好处。

不同学校对小结的要求可能不一样。有的学校要求每章都必须有小结。有的学校可能没有硬性规定。但是即使学校不要求。自己也最好写上。这是对读者负责。也是对自己这一章工作的一个交代。

小结的位置在每一章的结尾。通常是在所有正文内容之后。参考文献之前。有的论文格式要求小结前面加上“本章小结”这几个字。有的可能要求别的写法。按照学校规定的格式来写就行。

写小结的时候。如果发现这一章的内容总结不起来。可能说明这一章写得不够清楚。逻辑不够连贯。这时候可能需要修改这一章的内容。让这一章的结构更清晰。所以写小结不仅能总结内容。还能帮助发现章节写作中的问题。

小结和摘要不一样。摘要是对整个论文的总结。小结只针对一章。摘要放在论文最前面。小结放在每一章最后面。摘要要独立成文。让人不看论文就知道整个论文做了什么。小结是给已经读了这一章的人看的。帮助他们回忆和巩固这一章的内容。

写小结没有固定的模式。只要能把这一章的核心内容概括出来就行。可以总结这一章的目标。可以总结这一章的方法。可以总结这一章的结果。可以总结这一章的结论。可以根据这一章的特点决定重点总结什么。

有的章节可能比较长。内容比较多。写小结的时候要抓住主线。不要被细节带偏。想一想这一章最想告诉读者的是什么。就把这个写出来。次要的内容可以不提或者一笔带过。

有的章节可能比较短。内容比较简单。写小结也不能太随意。即使内容少。也要认真总结。显示出对这一章的重视。

同学之间可以互相看小结。你看我的。我看你的。提提意见。有时候自己写的东西。自己看不出问题。别人一看就能发现哪里没说明白。哪里总结得不对。互相帮助能写得更好。

写第一稿的时候就可以写小结。这时候写可以帮助整理思路。写完全文修改的时候。要再回头看小结。根据修改后的章节内容调整小结。确保小结和章节内容一致。

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